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L-DOPA Mining retrospective data for virtual prospective drug repurposing: L-DOPA and age-related macular degeneration Brilliant MH, Vaziri K, Connor TB Jr, et al. — Am J Med. 2016;129(3):292–8 View on PubMed ↗ Levodopa positively affects neovascular age-related macular degeneration Figueroa AG, Boyd BM, Christensen CA, et al. — Am J Med. 2021;134(1):122–128.e3 View on PubMed ↗ L-DOPA is an endogenous ligand for OA1 Lopez VM, Decatur CL, Stamer WD, Lynch RM, McKay BS — PLoS Biol. 2008;6(9):e236 View on PubMed ↗ PEDF and VEGF-A output from human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown on novel microcarriers Falk T, Congrove NR, Zhang S, McCourt AD, Sherman SJ, McKay BS — J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:278932 View on PubMed ↗ Melatonin Melatonin and risk of age-related macular degeneration Jeong H, Shaia JK, Markle JC, Talcott KE, Singh RP — JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024;142(7):648 View on PubMed ↗ Effects of melatonin in age-related macular degeneration Yi C, Pan X, Yan H, Guo M, Pierpaoli W — Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1057:384–392 View on PubMed ↗ Melatonin protects human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against oxidative stress Liang FQ, Green L, Wang C, Alssadi R, Godley BF — Exp Eye Res. 2004;78(6):1069–75 View on PubMed ↗ Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and enhanced autophagy in human retinal pigment epithelium cells Chang CC, Huang TY, Chen HY, et al. — Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:9015765 View on PubMed ↗ Lutein & Zeaxanthin Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the AREDS2 randomized clinical trial AREDS2 Research Group; Chew EY, Clemons TE, et al. — JAMA. 2013;309(19):2005–15 View on PubMed ↗ Secondary analyses of the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin on AMD progression: AREDS2 report no. 3 Chew EY, Clemons TE, SanGiovanni JP, et al. — JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(2):142–9 View on PubMed ↗ Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation associated with macular pigment optical density — meta-analysis across 20 RCTs Ma L, Liu R, Du JH, et al. — Nutrients. 2016;8(7):426 View on PubMed ↗ Vitamins C & E A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for AMD: AREDS report no. 8 AREDS Research Group — Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(10):1417–36 View on PubMed ↗ Long-term effects of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc on age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 35 Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, et al. — Ophthalmology. 2013;120(8):1604–11 View on PubMed ↗ Role of oxidative stress in retinal disease and the early intervention strategies: a comprehensive review Wang J, Li M, Geng Z, et al. — Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:7836828 View on PubMed ↗

The body's circadian rhythm - the natural 24-hour cycle governing biological activity - closely governs the eye. The light phase (roughly 6am-6pm) supports photoreception and active vision. The dark phase (6pm-6am) triggers melatonin release and shifts the retina into maintenance and renewal mode.The retina does not function the same way during the day as it does at night. Many cellular processes shift depending on circadian timing - including signaling, metabolism, and repair.During this nighttime phase, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) takes on a heavy workload to maintain cellular balance: Each RPE cell supports approximately 30 photoreceptors - a remarkable maintenance workload. Each night, photoreceptor outer segments are processed and recycled by RPE cells. This continuous cellular maintenance involves processing thousands of components daily. Melatonin helps align these renewal processes with the body's natural overnight schedule. MaculaPM® is designed to be taken at night, before bed. This aligns the formulation with the eye's natural nighttime biology and the circadian timing of melatonin.The body's circadian rhythm—the natural 24-hour cycle governing biological activity—closely governs the eye. The light phase (roughly 6am–6pm) supports photoreception and active vision. The dark phase (6pm–6am) triggers melatonin release and shifts the retina into maintenance and renewal mode. The retina does not function the same way during the day as it does at night. Many cellular processes shift depending on circadian timing, including signaling, metabolism, and repair. The Retina's Nighttime Workload During this nighttime phase, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) takes on a heavy workload to maintain cellular balance: Each RPE cell supports approximately 30 photoreceptors—a remarkable maintenance workload. Each night, photoreceptor outer segments are processed and recycled by RPE cells. This continuous cellular maintenance involves processing thousands of components daily. Timing Matters for Eye Health Melatonin helps align these renewal processes with the body's natural overnight schedule. MaculaPM® is designed to be taken at night, before bed. This aligns the formulation with the eye's natural nighttime biology and the circadian timing of melatonin.

Healthy vision depends on more than antioxidants. Most eye supplements were designed around the same antioxidant formula developed in the 1990s. The science has moved forward. MaculaPM® was developed using a science-based approach focused on how the eye functions, how it maintains itself over time, and how these processes change with aging. The Eye's Most Important Work Happens While You Sleep During the day, the eye is exposed to light and environmental stress. At night, it shifts into a period of maintenance and renewal. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs essential nightly maintenance—processing photoreceptor material, recycling nutrients, and keeping the retina functioning properly over time. L-DOPA and the Science of Retinal Signaling L-DOPA is a naturally occurring compound found in the body and within the eye. It plays an important role in pathways related to retinal signaling, pigment biology, and cellular maintenance—making it the key differentiating ingredient in MaculaPM®. L-DOPA sits at the intersection of retinal signaling, pigment biology, cellular maintenance, and circadian processes. This makes it uniquely relevant to supporting healthy vision and unlike any other eye supplement on the market. Melatonin and Nighttime Eye Biology Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate the body's circadian rhythm. It signals the body that it is time to shift into overnight processes—including repair, restoration, and cellular maintenance. Melatonin and L-DOPA work together as part of a broader nighttime strategy. Supporting Nutrients for Healthy Vision MaculaPM® includes a carefully selected group of nutrients that support the structure and protection of the eye: Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that concentrate in the macula—the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E help support the body's natural ability to manage oxidative stress, which results from normal metabolism and constant light exposure. A More Complete View MaculaPM® combines L-DOPA, melatonin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and antioxidant vitamins in a once-daily nighttime formula built around retinal signaling, circadian biology, and the science of healthy visual aging. Experience the difference.